电子和电气工程的数学 Mathematics for Electronic and Electrical Engineering MATH1055W1-01

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这是一份southampton南安普敦大MATH1055W1-01作业代写的成功案例

电子和电气工程的数学 Mathematics for Electronic and Electrical Engineering MATH1055W1-01
问题 1.

If a square plane plate is considered as an example, we should remember that the potential in a finite and very thin plane plate can be evaluated by (Balanis, 1990):
$$
V(x, y, z=0)=\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon} \int_{-a}^{a} \mathrm{~d} x^{\prime} \int_{-b}^{b} \mathrm{~d} y^{\prime} \frac{\rho\left(x^{\prime}, y^{\prime}\right)}{\left[\left(x-x^{\prime}\right)^{2}+\left(y-y^{\prime}\right)^{2}\right]^{1 / 2}}
$$
Thus, after applying the method of the moments, knowing the function of the approximated solution $f(x, y)$, the expansion function $g(x, y)$ and the weighed function $W(x, y)$, the potential in a square plane plate will be estimated by the inner product of these functions:

证明 .

$$
V(x, y)=\langle g, W, f\rangle \frac{1}{R}=\int_{-a}^{a} \frac{g(x, y) W(x, y) f(x, y)}{R(x, y)} \mathrm{d} x
$$
where
$$
R(x, y)=\sqrt{\left(x-x^{\prime}\right)^{2}+\left(y-y^{\prime}\right)^{2}}
$$
Dividing the plate in equal segments and applying the weighed function as being the Dirac delta function, we had that $W_{m}=\delta\left(x-x_{m}\right) \delta\left(y-y_{m}\right)$, being the inner product in the point given by:
$$
V(x, y, z=0)=\left\langle W_{m}, f, L g\right\rangle
$$

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MATH1055W1-01 COURSE NOTES :

$$
H_{z} \sim 1+k_{0,1} W_{\mathrm{TE}}
$$
where
$$
k_{0, \perp} \sim \omega\left[\varepsilon_{0} \varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}} \mu_{0} \mu_{\mathrm{r}}-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\gamma}{\omega}\right)^{2}\right]
$$
is the quasi-static wavenumber.
On the other hand, in the T.M. case it is shown that
$$
E_{2} \sim 1+k_{0, \perp} W_{\mathrm{TM}}
$$
where
$$
\Delta W_{\mathrm{TM}}=0, \quad \text { in } Y \backslash C
$$










工程与环境的数学 Mathematics for Engineering and the Environment MATH1054W1-01

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这是一份southampton南安普敦大学MATH1054W1-01作业代写的成功案例

Industry and technology concept. INDUSTRY 4.0
问题 1.

As in the harmonic balance method, we neglect the effect of the higher harmonic, and see that since $-a \omega \sin \omega t=\dot{x}$ on the limit cycle, can be written as
$$
\varepsilon\left(x^{2}-1\right) \dot{x} \approx \varepsilon\left(\frac{1}{4} a^{2}-1\right) \dot{x}
$$
We now replace this in the differential equation to give the linear equation
$$
\ddot{x}+\varepsilon\left(\frac{1}{4} a^{2}-1\right) \dot{x}+x=0 .
$$

证明 .

The non-periodic solutions are spirals in the phase plane. Consider the motion for which $x(0)=a_{0}, \dot{x}(0)=0$ : for the next few ‘cycles’ $a_{0}$ will serve as the amplitude used in the above approximation, so may be written
$$
\ddot{x}+\varepsilon\left(\frac{1}{4} a_{0}^{2}-1\right) \dot{x}+x-0 .
$$
With the initial conditions given, the solution is
$$
x(t)=\frac{a_{0}}{\beta} \mathrm{e}^{\alpha t}[\beta \cos \beta t-\alpha \sin \beta t]
$$
where
$$
\left.\alpha=\frac{1}{2} \varepsilon\left(1-\frac{1}{4} a_{0}^{2}\right), \quad \beta=\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{4}-\varepsilon^{2}\left(1-\frac{1}{4} a_{0}^{2}\right)\right]
$$

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MATH1054W1-01 COURSE NOTES :

Therefore $\operatorname{sgn}(x)$ is replaced by $(4 / \pi) \cos \omega t$, which in turn is replaced by $(4 / \pi) x / a$. The equivalent linear equation is then
$$
\ddot{x}+\frac{4}{\pi a} x=0 .
$$
The solution, having any amplitude $a$, of the form $a \cos \omega t$ is
$$
x(t)=a \cos \left[\left(\frac{4}{\pi a}\right)^{1 / 2} t\right]
$$
Therefore
$$
\omega=\frac{2}{\sqrt{(\pi a)}}
$$










编程和离散数学|MA10265R Programming and discrete mathematics代写

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After taking this unit, the student should be able to:
Apply the basic principles of programming in studying problems in discrete mathematics.
Make proper use of data structures in the applications context.

这是一份Bath巴斯大学MA10265R作业代写的成功案

编程和离散数学|MA10265R Programming and discrete mathematics代写

$$
\gamma(t)=\gamma(0)=\text { constant } \Rightarrow \dot{\gamma}=0
$$
so that can be solved to give the stress in a single Maxwell element in relaxation as
$$
\sigma(t)=G \gamma(0) e^{-t / \lambda}=\sigma(0) e^{-t / \lambda}, \quad \lambda \equiv \mu / G=\text { constant }
$$
where $\lambda$ is called the characteristic relaxation time of the assembly. we see that $\lambda$ is the time required for the stress to decay to $1 / e$ of its initial value. For the creep test where $\sigma(t)=\sigma(0)=$ constant, it is easy to show that now leads to the following strain in a single Maxwell element in creep
$$
\gamma(t)=\frac{\sigma(0)}{G}\left(1+\frac{t}{\lambda}\right)=\gamma(0)\left(1+\frac{t}{\lambda}\right)
$$

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MA10265R  COURSE NOTES :

Using the remaining $\mathrm{BC}$ for $v_{z}$ at $z=h$ we find the constant $c$ to be
$c=\frac{3}{4} \frac{(-\bar{h})}{h^{3}}$
Finally, going back to and using we integrate with respect to $r$ and use the $\mathrm{BC}$ for $p$ at $R$ to get the pressure field as
$$
p=p_{\mathrm{a}}+\frac{3(-\dot{h}) \mu R^{2}}{4 h^{3}}\left[1-\left(\frac{r}{R}\right)^{2}\right]
$$
Since $S_{z \tau}=0$ at $z=h$ (see Eqs. $206_{3}$ and 216 ), the force on the disk at $z=h$ is
$$
F=\int_{0}^{2 \pi} \int_{0}^{R}\left(p-p_{i}\right)_{z=h} r \mathrm{~d} r \mathrm{~d} \theta=\frac{3 \pi R^{4} \mu(-\dot{h})}{8 h^{3}}
$$



向量、向量微积分和机械学|MA10236 Vectors, Vector Calculus and Mechanics代写

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Applied mathematics is the process of applying mathematics to real world problems, and also learning and developing mathematical tools to solve these problems. Many of the advances in mathematics, such as in calculus, differential equations, vector calculus, Fourier analysis (which you will cover in the Second Year), computation and geometry have come directly from studying such applications.

这是一份Bath巴斯大学学MA10236作业代写的成功案

向量、向量微积分和机械学|MA10236 Vectors, Vector Calculus and Mechanics代写

Let $\Sigma$ be a surface in $\mathbf{R}^{3}$ and let $\mathbf{f}(x, y, z)=f_{1}(x, y, z) \mathbf{i}+f_{2}(x, y, z) \mathbf{j}+$ $f_{s}(x, y, z) \mathbf{k}$ be a vector field defined on some subset of $\mathbf{R}^{3}$ that contains $\Sigma$. The surface integral of $f$ over $\Sigma$ is
$$
\iint_{\Sigma} \mathbf{f} \cdot d \sigma=\iint_{\Sigma} \mathbf{f} \cdot \mathbf{n} d \sigma \text {, }
$$
where, at any point on $\Sigma, \mathbf{n}$ is the outward unit normal vector to $\Sigma$.

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MA10236  COURSE NOTES :

(Divergence Theorem) Let $\Sigma$ be a closed surface in $\mathbf{R}^{3}$ which bounds a solid $S$, and let $\mathbf{f}(x, y, z)=f_{1}(x, y, z) \mathbf{i}+f_{2}(x, y, z) \mathbf{j}+f_{3}(x, y, z) \mathbf{k}$ be a vector field defined on some subset of $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ that contains $\Sigma$. Then
$$
\iint_{\Sigma} \mathbf{f} \cdot d \sigma=\iiint_{S} \operatorname{div} \mathbf{f} d V
$$
where
$$
\operatorname{div} \mathbf{f}=\frac{\partial f_{1}}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial f_{2}}{\partial y}+\frac{\partial f_{3}}{\partial z}
$$
is called the divergence of $f$.



数值分析与计算 Num Analysis with Computation MATH260101

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这是一份leeds利兹大学MATH260101作业代写的成功案例

数值分析与计算 Num Analysis with Computation MATH260101
问题 1.

Numerical Methods and Data Analysis
$$
\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{i}}=\mathrm{t}{0} / \mathrm{N}=\mathrm{t}(\mathrm{N}) / \mathrm{N} \equiv \delta \text {. }
$$
This means that our discrete Fourier transform can be written as
$$
\mathrm{F}\left(\mathrm{z}{\mathrm{k}}\right)=\delta \sum{i=0}^{N-1} \mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{t}_{\mathrm{j}}\right) \mathrm{e}^{2 \pi i z(\mathrm{j} \delta)} .
$$

证明 .

Let us proceed with the detailed implementation of the FFT. First we must calculate the weights $\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{j}}$ that appear in by means of so that $$ \mathrm{W}{\mathrm{j}}=\delta=4 / 2^{3}=1 / 2 .
$$
The first sub-division into sub-transforms involving the even and odd terms in the series specified by is
$$
\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{k}}=\delta\left(F{\mathrm{k}}^{0}+\mathrm{Q}{\mathrm{k}}^{1} F{\mathrm{k}}^{1}\right)
$$

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MATH260101 COURSE NOTES :

$$
\mathrm{S}\left(\mathrm{x}{\mathrm{i}}\right)=\frac{1}{\mathrm{~N}} \sum{\mathrm{j}=1}^{\mathrm{i}} \mathrm{n}\left(\mathrm{x}{\mathrm{j}}<\mathrm{x}\right) . $$ This is to be compared with the cumulative probability distribution of the parent population, which is $$ \mathrm{p}(\mathrm{x})=\int{0}^{\mathrm{x}} \mathrm{f}(\mathrm{z}) \mathrm{dz} .
$$
The statistic which is used to compare the two cumulative probability distributions is the largest departure $\mathrm{D}{0}$ between the two cumulative probability distributions, or $$ \mathrm{D}{0} \equiv \operatorname{Max}\left|\mathrm{S}\left(\mathrm{x}{\mathrm{i}}\right)-\mathrm{p}\left(\mathrm{x}{\mathrm{i}}\right)\right|, \forall \mathrm{x}_{\mathrm{i}}
$$








数值分析 Numerical Analysis MATH260001

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这是一份leeds利兹大学MATH260001作业代写的成功案例

数值分析 Numerical Analysis MATH260001
问题 1.

We shall verify the three axioms for a norm. First, if $A \neq 0$, then $A$ has at least one nonzero column; say, $A^{(j)} \neq 0$. Consider the vector in which 1 is the $j$ th component – that is, $x=(0, \ldots, 0,1,0, \ldots, 0)^{T}$. Obviously, $x \neq 0$ and the vector $v=x /|x|$ is of norm 1 . Hence by the definition of $|A|$,
$$
|A| \geq|A v|=\frac{|A x|}{|x|}=\frac{\left|A^{(\jmath)}\right|}{|x|}>0
$$

证明 .

Next, the vector norm, we have
$$
|\lambda A|=\sup {|\lambda A u|:|u|=1}=|\lambda| \sup {|A u|:|u|=1}=|\lambda||A|
$$
For the triangle inequality, we use the analogous property of the vector norm and Problem 4 to write
$$
|A+B|=\sup {|(A+B) u|:|u|=1}
$$

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MATH260001 COURSE NOTES :

If $A$ is an $n \times n$ matrix such that $|A|<1$, then $I-A$ is invertible, and
$$
(I-A)^{-1}=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} A^{k}
$$
First, we shall show that $I-A$ is invertible. If it is not invertible then it is singular, and there exists a vector $x$ satisfying $|x|=1$ and $(I-A) x=0$. From this we have
$$
1=|x|=|A x| \leqq|A||x|=|A|
$$
which contradicts the hypothesis that $|A|<1$.








离散数学 Discrete Mathematics MATH223001/MATH223101

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这是一份leeds利兹大学MATH223001/MATH223101作业代写的成功案例

离散数学 Discrete Mathematics MATH223001/MATH223101
问题 1.

We apply the lower bound in Lemma 2.5.1 to the logarithms. For a typical term, we get
$$
\ln \left(\frac{m+t-k}{m-k}\right) \geq \frac{\frac{m+t-k}{m-k}-1}{\frac{m+t-k}{m-k}}=\frac{t}{m+t-k}
$$

证明 .

and so
$$
\begin{aligned}
\ln \left(\frac{m+t}{m}\right) &+\ln \left(\frac{m+t-1}{m-1}\right)+\cdots+\ln \left(\frac{m+1}{m-t+1}\right) \
& \geq \frac{t}{m+t}+\frac{t}{m+t-1}+\cdots+\frac{t}{m+1} .
\end{aligned}
$$
We replace each denominator by the largest one to decrease the sum:
$$
\frac{t}{m+t}+\frac{t}{m+t-1}+\cdots+\frac{t}{m+1} \geq \frac{t^{2}}{m+t} .
$$

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MATH223001/MATH223101 COURSE NOTES :

For $n=1$ and $n=2$, if we require that $L_{n}$ be of the given form, then we get
$$
L_{1}=1=a+b, \quad L_{2}=3=a \frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}+b \frac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}
$$
Solving for $a$ and $b$, we get
$$
a=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}, \quad b=\frac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}
$$
Then
$$
L_{n}=\left(\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)^{n}+\left(\frac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)^{n}
$$








数学与几何 拓扑学 Alg & Geom Topology MATHS5065_1 5/MATHS4112_1

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这是一份GLA格拉斯哥大学MATHS5065_1 5/MATHS4112_1作业代写的成功案例

伽罗瓦理论 Galois Theory MATHS4105_1 /MATHS5071_1
问题 1.

Let $\mu$ be a mass distribution on $F$ and suppose that for some s there are numbers $c>0$ and $\varepsilon>0$ such that
$$
\mu(U) \leqslant c|U|^{s}
$$
for all sets $U$ with $|U| \leqslant \varepsilon$. Then $\mathcal{H}^{s}(F) \geqslant \mu(F) / c$ and
$$
s \leqslant \operatorname{dim}{\mathrm{H}} F \leqslant \operatorname{dim}{\mathrm{B}} F \leqslant \overline{\operatorname{dim}}_{\mathrm{B}} F .
$$

证明 .

If $\left{U_{i}\right}$ is any cover of $F$ then
$$
0<\mu(F) \leqslant \mu\left(\bigcup_{i} U_{i}\right) \leqslant \sum_{i} \mu\left(U_{i}\right) \leqslant c \sum_{i}\left|U_{i}\right|^{s}
$$
using properties of a measure and (4.1).
Taking infima, $\mathcal{H}{8}^{s}(F) \geqslant \mu(F) / c$ if $\delta$ is small enough, so $\mathcal{H}^{s}(F) \geqslant \mu(F) / c$. Since $\mu(F)>0$ we get $\operatorname{dim}{H} F \geqslant s$.

Notice that the conclusion $\mathcal{H}^{s}(F) \geqslant \mu(F) / c$ remains true if $\mu$ is a mass distribution on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ and $F$ is any subset.

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MATHS5065_1 5/MATHS4112_1 COURSE NOTES :

Each $k$ th level interval supports mass $\left(m_{1} \cdots m_{k}\right)^{-1}$ so that
$$$$
for every $0 \leqslant s \leqslant 1$.
Hence
$$
\frac{\mu(U)}{|U|^{s}} \leqslant \frac{2^{s}}{\left(m_{1} \cdots m_{k-1}\right) m_{k}^{s} \varepsilon_{k}^{s}}
$$
If
$$
s<\lim {k \rightarrow \infty} \log \left(m{1} \cdots m_{k-1}\right) /-\log \left(m_{k} \varepsilon_{k}\right)
$$









伽罗瓦理论 Galois Theory MATHS4105_1 /MATHS5071_1

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这是一份GLA格拉斯哥大学MATHS4105_1 /MATHS5071_1作业代写的成功案例

伽罗瓦理论 Galois Theory MATHS4105_1 /MATHS5071_1
问题 1.

Now let $\beta \in \mathbf{F}(\alpha)$. If $\beta \in \mathbf{F}$, there is nothing to prove (as then $m_{\beta}(X)=$ $X-\beta$ ) so assume $\beta \notin \mathbf{F}$. Then $\beta=\sum_{i=0}^{m-1} b_{i} \alpha^{i}$ with $b_{i} \in \mathbf{F}$ (and $m=p^{r}$ ), so
$$
\beta^{p^{\prime}}=\left(\sum_{i=0}^{m-1} b_{i} \alpha^{i}\right)^{p^{\prime}}=\sum_{i=0}^{m-1} b_{i}^{p^{r}}\left(\alpha^{p^{\prime}}\right)^{i}=\sum_{i=0}^{m-1} b_{i}^{p^{\prime}} a^{i} \in \mathbf{F}
$$

证明 .

so $\mathbf{F}=\mathbf{F}\left(\beta^{p^{\prime}}\right)$ and hence $\mathbf{F}\left(\beta^{p^{r}}\right) \subset \mathbf{F}(\beta)$. Then, by Lemma 5.1.4, $\beta$ is inseparable over $\mathbf{F}$. (If $\beta$ were separable over $\mathbf{F}$, we would have $\mathbf{F}(\beta)=\mathbf{F}\left(\beta^{p}\right)=$ $\mathbf{F}\left(\left(\beta^{p}\right)^{p}\right)=\cdots=\mathbf{F}\left(\beta^{p^{r}}\right)$, a contradiction.)

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MATHS4105_1 /MATHS5071_1 COURSE NOTES :

This is an application of Zorn’s Lemma. Let
$$
\mathcal{S}={(\mathbf{D}, \tau)|\mathbf{B} \subseteq \mathbf{D}, \tau: \mathbf{D} \rightarrow \mathbf{D}, \tau| \mathbf{B}=\sigma}
$$
Order $\mathcal{S}$ by $\left(\mathbf{D}{1}, \tau{1}\right) \leq\left(\mathbf{D}{2}, \tau{2}\right)$ if $\mathbf{D}{1} \subseteq \mathbf{D}{2}$ and $\tau_{2} \mid \mathbf{D}{1}=\tau{1}$. Then every chain $\left{\left(\mathbf{D}{i}, \tau{i}\right)\right}$ in $\mathcal{S}$ has a maximal element $(\mathbf{D}, \tau)$ given by
$$
\mathbf{D}=\bigcup \mathbf{D}{i}, \quad \tau(d)=\tau{i}(d) \text { if } d \in \mathbf{D}_{i}
$$









自然科学的数学 |MATH08073 Mathematics for the Natural Sciences 1b代写

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L’Hopital’s rule. Taylor’s Theorem and related results. Maclaurin series.
Basic integration: anti-derivatives, definite and indefinite integrals, methods of substitution and integration by parts.

这是一份drps.ed爱丁堡个大学MATH08073作业代写的成功案

自然科学的数学 |MATH08073 Mathematics for the Natural Sciences 1b代写

The two results for $I$ and $J$ can be extended to any number of variables. Consider an $N$-dimensional Cartesian space, $\left{x_{i}: i=1,2, \ldots, N\right}$. Let $V_{N}$ be the volume in this space for which
$$
\sum_{i=1}^{N} x_{i} \leq 1 ; \quad x_{i}>0 \text { for } i=1,2, \ldots, N
$$
then
$$
I\left(m_{1}, m_{2}, \ldots, m_{N}\right) \equiv \int \cdots \int x_{1}^{m_{1}} x_{2}^{m_{2}} \ldots x_{N}^{m_{N}} d V_{N}
$$
where
$$
d V_{N}=\prod_{i=1}^{N} d x_{i} ; \quad m_{i}>-1 \text { for } i=1,2, \ldots, N
$$

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MATH08073  COURSE NOTES :

is given by the expression (see Franklin in $[4]$ ),
$$
I\left(m_{1}, m_{2}, \ldots, m_{N}\right)=\frac{\prod_{i=1}^{N} \Gamma\left(m_{i}+1\right)}{\Gamma\left(\sum_{i=1}^{N} m_{i}+N+1\right)} .
$$
Similarly, let $\bar{V}{N}$ be the volume for which $$ \sum{i=1}^{N}\left(\frac{x_{i}}{a_{i}}\right)^{p_{i}} \leq 1 ; \quad x_{i}>0 \text { for } i=1,2, \ldots, N
$$
where
$$
d V_{N}=\prod_{i=1}^{N} d x_{i} ; \quad m_{i}>-1 \text { for } i=1,2, \ldots, N
$$